Techniques

=**Techniques**=

Drawing
 * Brief Information:**
 * Creativity || When the artist uses it's creativity to bring it's drawing to life. ||
 * Sketching || The "skeleton" of a drawing, it mostly is based on pencil and eraser. ||
 * Shading || Using charcoal or diffrent types of pencils you make a drawing, this technique is always balck and white. ||
 * Abstract || Drawing somthing that's now physically there and you make it something physical in the drawing. ||

Painting
 * Oil Paiting || Artist use oil paintings to make a painting. ||
 * Tole Painting || This technique is uses dark tones to bring the painting to life. ||
 * Pen and Ink || Using only a speacially made pen and ink to draw what the artist wants. ||
 * Oil Pastel || With the use of pastel chalks the artist bring the picture to life. ||

Sculpture
 * Carving || Using,speacially made, tools to carve into the wood to make a 3-D sculpture. ||
 * Modeling || When the artist has a reference in front of it and shapes the material to look like it. ||
 * Casting || Using a speacial type of material to put layers on top of it to make the 3-D sculpture. ||

How many people study this type of art (drawing, sculpture or painting) according to some universities...



=Drawing=
 * **__﻿__Drawing is the skill to use lines and shapes to create a pleasing composition which shows depth, contrast, light and shadow and gives the impression of dimension, using different degrees of detail. It's an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper; ". It can represent forms or objects on a surface by means of lines; "drawings of abstract forms".

__Creativity__
====What is it, where does it come from?! Creativity is one of the most important parts of being an artist, and if you are like me, that's the whole attraction to art - we get to use our minds to create new things. Learn about the creative process and some exercises to improve your creative ability__.__====

__Sketching__
====For whatever reason, sketching comes easily and naturally to me. This is one of the most powerful ways of drawing that I use. Sketching allows me to do more in less time, with better results. Let me show you how I do this.====

__Abstract Drawing__
====When you draw or represent something that isn't there (music, happiness, sadness) and you make it a physical thing in the drawing. It's the interpretantion of the artisct about that feeling or subject on the paper.====

=**Painting**=

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Painting is a way to express feelings, be creative, develop observation skills, learn to appreciate the work of great artists' and to critique the way in which artists have expressed themselves using this medium. Paiting mostly has to with diffrent types of paints (oil pains or water colors, for example). It regularly uses a brush or an ink pen.======

__Oil Painting__
Although earlier painting methods allowed artists to produce some opaque and transparent effects, oil technique permits painters still greater richness in these regards. By applying transparent deep colors over opaque tones, the painter can produce rich modulations of darks and can give the picture a tonal depth not available in most other techniques. Some painters require a paint that sets faster than oil paint does because they like to work over a dry underpainting with a rapid sequence of washes or overpaintings. For them the slow drying of oil paint is a disadvantage, and they turn to other media. In other cases, relying on the oil medium's latitude for repainting, an indecisive artist may postpone the solution of major problems in the picture's composition and drawing, causing the work to suffer from a lack of clarity and from insufficient firmness of expression. Similarly the ease with which oil paint can be blended sometimes encourages a soft muddy effect and a lack of clear color and shape definition. Finally, linseed oil paint films do become somewhat yellow and darker as they age, although the use of good materials and sound technique can reduce this darkening to a point at which it is scarcely noticeable. Many oil paintings by the old masters retain a high quality of chromatic and tonal intensity after more than four hundred years.

__Tole Painting__
Tole Painting is a form of folk art whereby painting is executed on tin and wooden utensils, objects and furniture. The origin of Tole painting can be traced back to the late 18 th century era in New England in the continent of Europe.Tole painting was believed to have been originated for people who couldn't afford expensive materials to make their tin plates a little nicer and a more fancier. But in the contemporary times Tole painting is not limited to tin plates only. It can now be done on any type of surface ranging from glass to pottery and wood to ceramic. The most impressive feature that distinguishes the Tole painting from all other painting forms and techniques is the brush strokes that are used. The five main brush strokes that are included in the art of Tole painting are Comma Stroke, Teardrop Stroke, S Stoke, C Stroke and Pivot or Half Circle Stroke. All of these Tole painting strokes look exactly the way as they are termed or defined. The subject matter is another distinct characteristic which sets most tole painting apart from other forms of painting. The final distinguishing feature of the art of Tole painting is the traditional use of oil paints.

__Pen and Ink__ The first requirement of a good pen technique is a good Individual Line, a line of feeling and quality. It is usually a surprise to the beginner to be made aware that the individual line is a thing of consequence,—a surprise due, without doubt, to the apparently careless methods of some successful illustrators. It is to be borne in mind, however, that some illustrators are successful in spite of their technique rather than because of it; and also that the apparently free and easy manner of some admirable technicians is in reality very much studied, very deliberate, and not at all to be confounded with the unsophisticated scribbling of the beginner.

__Oil Pastel__
Oil pastels can be used directly in dry form; when done lightly, the resulting effects are similar to pastel chalks. Heavy build-ups can create an almost impasto effect. Once applied to a surface, the oil pastel pigment can be manipulated with a brush moistened in white spirit, turpentine, linseed oil, or another type of vegetable oil or solvent. Alternatively, the drawing surface can be oiled before drawing or the pastel itself can be dipped in oil. Some of these solvents pose serious health concerns. Oil pastels are considered a fast medium because they are easy to paint with and convenient to carry; for this reason they are often used for sketching, but can also be used for sustained works. Because oil pastels never dry out completely, they need to be protected somehow, often by applying a special fixative to the painting or placing the painting in a sleeve and then inside a frame. There are some known durability problems: firstly, as the oil doesn't dry it keeps permeating the paper. This process degrades both the paper and the colour layer as it reduces the flexibility of the latter. A second problem is that the stearic acid makes the paper brittle. Lastly both the stearic acid and the wax will be prone to efflorescence or "wax bloom", the building-up of fatty acids and wax on the surface into an opaque white layer. This is easily made transparent again by gentle polishing with a woolen cloth; but the three effects together result in a colour layer consisting mainly of brittle stearic acid on top of brittle paper, a combination that will crumble easily.

Sculpture
It can be defined as the art or practice of creating three-dimensional forms or figures. Sculptures can be free-standing or "in the round" (able to be viewed from all sides) or they can be in relief (form is carved or modeled from a flat background plane). They can be made of almost any organic or inorganic substance. Common materials include bronze, plaster, clay, wood, papier maché, and plastic. The processes involved in creating sculptures date back to antiquity and, until the twentieth-century, have changed very little. However,media type="youtube" key="hJBlZK6m6z0" width="345" height="313" align="right" the twentieth-century has brought new ideas, techniques, and materials to the art of sculpture, making them even more common to encounter in our everyday lives. __Carving__ Dating from pre-historic times, carving is a process in which the artist subtracts or cuts away from a solid material to reach the desired form. It can be a very painstaking and time consuming method because of the hard and weighty materials, such as marble or other stones, that are often used. However, artists also carve softer substances such as wood and even soap. __Modeling__ Modeling is the process of manipulating soft materials to create a three-dimensional form. Unlike carving, modeling requires soft substances that can be easily and rapidly shaped by the sculptor's hands. Clay is the most frequent material used for modeling, however, others such as plaster, papier-maché, and wax are also common.

__Casting__ Casting is a method of obtaining the permanence of a modeled work by making a mold and casting it in a durable material such as bronze. Two methods of casting are used: sand casting and the //cire-perdue// or "lost wax" process. The lost-wax process is more widely used, however, both have been frequently employed since antiquity. (Further information on lost wax casting will follow.)

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